The Clinical Anatomy of the Vascular System | Ch 48
Document Type
Book Chapter
Publication Date
6-12-2025
Editor
Stephen J. Bordes, Jr. et al
Abstract
A general understanding of the development of the heart is crucial for understanding the embryology of the entire cardiac system. Heart development begins with the differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells into cardiac myoblasts just lateral to the primitive streak. “Blood islands” develop in the cardiogenic field and supply blood to the developing heart. Two cardiogenic plates of anterior splanchnic mesoderm plates fuse down the midline, forming the primitive heart tube with atrial and venous poles. The atrial pole is on the cranial aspect and shunts blood into the dorsal aorta, while the venous or ventral pole collects blood from systemic venous return. The linear heart tube then undergoes rightward looping, so it becomes S-shaped by day 28 (Gittenberger-de Groot et al. 2005). The atrial pole bends ventrocaudally and to the right while the venous pole bends dorsocranially and to the left. Between the 27th and 37th days of development, the septa form from endocardial cushions; they divide the atria from the ventricles (atrioventricular septum), the atrioventricular canals and valves, and the aortic and pulmonary channels. Around this time, the roof of the heart develops into the septum primum, the ends of which migrate to the endocardial cushions but do not fully fuse. This leaves an opening called the ostium primum. The endocardial cushions eventually fuse with the septum primum, but shortly thereafter, a perforation is produced by apoptosis of local cells, and the ostium secundum is formed, which allows blood to pass from the right to the left primitive atrium. The septum secundum forms to overlap the ostium secundum partially, but it does not fully partition the two atria, so a hole called the foramen ovale is left open. It is at this point that the adult heart begins to form.
First Page
329
Last Page
334
Chapter Title
Chapter 48 - Cardiac Veins
Publisher
Springer Nature
ISBN
[9783031783258, 9783031783265]
Rights
© 2025 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Recommended Citation
Segall, Allyson and Bordes, Stephen J., "The Clinical Anatomy of the Vascular System | Ch 48" (2025). School of Medicine Faculty Publications. 4267.
https://digitalscholar.lsuhsc.edu/som_facpubs/4267
10.1007/978-3-031-78326-5_48