Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Models for Predicting Postoperative Complications Following Free Flap Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-13-2025

Publication Title

Microsurgery

Abstract

Introduction: To systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models in predicting postoperative complications following flap surgery, and to compare the efficacy of different input modalities used in model training. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies utilizing AI for flap monitoring and postoperative complication prediction. A total of 12 studies comprising 18,520 patients and 32,148 input data points were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and SROC curves were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model. Results: The meta-analysis revealed a pooled sensitivity of 78.0% [95% CI: 0.54–0.91] and a pooled specificity of 88.0% [95% CI: 0.76–0.94]. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 6.36 [95% CI: 2.54–15.91] and 0.25 [95% CI: 0.10–0.64], respectively. The area under the SROC curve was 0.91 [95% CI: 0.88–0.93], indicating excellent overall diagnostic performance. Conclusion: AI models, particularly those incorporating photographic data and deep learning models, demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy and hold promise as adjunct tools for postoperative flap monitoring.

PubMed ID

41231400

Volume

45

Issue

8

Rights

© 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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