Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-5-2024

Publication Title

Cureus

Abstract

The term "kratom" refers to a plant species formally known as Mitragyna speciosa. Kratom is composed of over 40 alkaloids, a type of organic compound that contains nitrogen. These compounds work primarily via binding to opioid receptors expressed on neurons, where they stimulate signal transduction mechanisms involving the activation of G proteins. Kratom has been shown to cause both a stimulant-like effect and a sedative effect in humans. These studies have shown that use is highest among European-American, middle-class men living in suburban areas. Additionally, individuals who have a history of opioid misuse are also more likely to take kratom. Kratom is used by many different people in the US for numerous different reasons. Some of the most often cited reasons include treating chronic pain conditions, depression, and anxiety. Individuals who used kratom for these reasons typically consumed kratom daily at a dose of 1-3 grams, with the kratom extracted into a powder to be consumed in a capsule. Additionally, there have been reports of kratom being used to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms, as kratom can bind to some of the same receptors as opioids. This manuscript specifically describes trends regarding the use of kratom in the US, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of kratom, potential therapeutic uses of kratom, adverse events caused by kratom, and case studies in the literature regarding patients using kratom.

First Page

e73058

PubMed ID

39640144

Volume

16

Issue

11

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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