A Comparative Study of Cyclic Fatigue of BlueShaper Pro and Pro Taper Gold Rotary files. An In Vitro Study

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

5-29-2026

Publication Title

SVOA Dentistry

Abstract

Introduction: Cyclic fatigue is a primary cause of nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary file separation during endodontic treatment. Thermomechanical heat treatments, such as gold and blue processing, alter phase transformation behavior to improve flexibility and fatigue resistance. The BlueShaper Pro system incorporates DualWire® technology, combining blue- and gold-treated alloys within a single file, while ProTaper Gold relies solely on gold treatment. This in vitro, laboratory study compared the cyclic fatigue resistance of both systems under standardized in-vitro conditions. Materials and Methods: Sixty BlueShaper Pro (Z1–Z5) and sixty ProTaper Gold (S1–F3) files (25 mm) were tested in custom stainless-steel blocks simulating 30° and 90° canal curvatures (n = 30 per group). Files were operated per manufacturer parameters using an X-Smart Endo Motor. Time to fracture was recorded via high-definition video, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) calculated as NCF = (time × rpm)/60. Data was analyzed with independent t-tests (p < 0.05). Results: No files fractured at 30°, whereas all fractured at 90°. No significant differences were found for Z1/S1 or Z2/S2. ProTaper Gold showed greater fatigue resistance in intermediate files (F1, F2), while BlueShaper Pro demonstrated superior resistance in the final file (Z5) (p < 0.05). Fracture consistently occurred 9.08–14.5 mm from the tip within the canal curvature. Conclusion: Both ProTaper Gold and BlueShaper Pro showed high cyclic fatigue resistance, with failure occurring only at 90° curvature. Because each system demonstrated sequence-specific advantages, a hybrid approach using BlueShaper Pro in the initial and final stages and ProTaper Gold in the intermediate stages may optimize performance. Overall, file behavior was influenced not only by heat treatment, but also by flute geometry, taper, cross-sectional design, and operating parameters, underscoring that the ideal rotary file must balance mechanical performance with minimally invasive canal shaping and dentin preservation.

First Page

134

Last Page

143

Volume

7

Issue

3

Publisher

ScienceVolks

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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