A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-suicidal self-injury among incarcerated juveniles
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) most commonly occurs during adolescence, and it represents one of the highest risk factors for future suicidal behaviors. Understanding the prevalence, risk factors, and effective treatments in high-risk groups, such as adolescents who are criminally incarcerated, is of substantial importance. A systematic review was conducted on articles related to NSSI in incarcerated adolescents. The results of the meta-analysis found that the pooled estimated prevalence of NSSI in this population is 28% (95% CI: 0.21–0.36). Studies varied in their methods of measuring NSSI, with some relying on medical record reviews, unstandardized assessments, or standardized assessments. Several demographic, social, psychiatric, and interpersonal factors were noted to increase risk. No studies in this review evaluated the efficacy of treatments for NSSI with this population. The results indicate a need for further research to evaluate treatment efficacy and highlight the widely varying methodologies used in studies of NSSI among currently incarcerated juveniles.